What is the difference between refrigerant and refrigerant carrier?

The refrigerant is a substance that transfers the heat of the cooling system to the evaporating refrigerant in an indirect cooling refrigeration device. Also called secondary refrigerant. The refrigerant and the refrigerant are collectively referred to as refrigerant, and both belong to the medium that transmits cold energy. The refrigerant is usually a liquid, and generally does not undergo a phase change in the process of transferring heat. The refrigerant transfers the cold energy to the refrigerant carrier through phase change refrigeration, and then transfers the cold energy of the refrigerant carrier to the cold storage room under normal pressure through the pump to achieve refrigeration. The refrigerant substitutes mainly include calcium chloride brine, sodium chloride brine, methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and methylene chloride. Professional refrigerants such as glacial refrigerants. Refrigerants, also known as refrigerants and refrigerants, are the media used in various heat engines to complete energy conversion. These substances usually use reversible phase transitions (such as gas-liquid phase transitions) to increase power. Such as the steam in the steam engine, the refrigerant in the refrigerator, and so on. When a general steam engine is working, it releases the heat energy of the steam and converts it into mechanical energy to generate the motive power; while the refrigerant of the refrigerator is used to transfer the heat from the low temperature to the high temperature.

The more common working media in traditional industry and life are some halogenated hydrocarbons (especially chlorofluorocarbons), but they are gradually eliminated because they will create a hole in the ozone layer. Other widely used working media include ammonia, sulfur dioxide and non-halogenated hydrocarbons (such as methane).

Common refrigerant: NH3 refrigerant The theory of ammonia as a refrigerant was established in 1859, and it was used in industrial refrigeration in 1875. NH3 solidification temperature is -77.7℃, standard boiling point is -33.3℃, u200bu200bcritical temperature is 132.4℃, critical pressure is 11.52Mpa. The condensing pressure at normal temperature is generally 1.1Mpa～1.3Mpa, and the maximum in summer is not more than 1.5Mpa, and the unit volume refrigeration capacity is about 2177KJ/m?. ODPu003d0, GWPu003d0. Advantages: NH3 refrigerant is environmentally friendly, the ozone depleting potential (ODP) is 0, and the global warming potential (GWP) is 0. It has excellent thermodynamic properties, and its cooling capacity per unit volume is larger than that of traditional Freon refrigerants. The specific gravity and viscosity are small. The price is cheap and easy to obtain; the cost of the ammonia machine is low, because a single ammonia machine can reach 250kW or more, and the fluorine machine (low temperature working condition) is up to 100kW. If it is to be used in large cooling conditions, multiple machines must be used. Parallel, therefore, in the case of high power (above 100kW), the ammonia machine is obviously cheaper than the fluorine parallel unit; if the ammonia system leaks, it is easy to be found. Disadvantages: Ammonia is almost insoluble in mineral oil, and oil will accumulate on the heat transfer surface of pipes and heat exchangers, forming an oil film, which affects heat transfer; the ammonia refrigeration system needs to be equipped with a complex oil separation system, resulting in huge product volume. Ammonia has a corrosive effect on copper and copper alloys (except phosphor bronze) when it contains oil and water. Ammonia is more toxic and has a strong stimulating effect on human organs. When the ammonia content in the air reaches 0.5% to 0.6%, people are in it. It can be poisoned if it stays for half an hour, 11%～13% can be ignited, and when it reaches 16%～25%, it will explode when exposed to an open flame; a small amount of ammonia leakage can cause contamination of the stored items, and a large amount of leakage will endanger personal safety. Ventilation makes the ammonia content in the air ≤0.02mg/L [7]; it is strictly forbidden to use ammonia direct evaporation refrigeration systems in production sites with a large number of people.

Freon refrigerant Freon is the general term for halogen derivatives of saturated hydrocarbons. In the 1930s, the United States first developed chlorofluorocarbon R12, and then CFCs and HCFCs were successively developed. According to the molecular structure of Freon refrigerants, it can be divided into the following three categories: chlorofluorocarbons (mainly including R11, R12, R113, R114, R115, R500, R502, etc.). These refrigerants contain chlorine elements to destroy the ozone layer, and are used by the Montreal Protocol. It is classified as a class of controlled substances, and its use is currently banned; hydrochlorofluorocarbons (R22, R123, R141b, R142b, etc.) such refrigerants contain less chlorine and are regarded as transitional substitutes. R22 is limited to be eliminated in 2020, and developing countries will end by 2030; hydrofluorocarbons (R134a, R125, R32, r404a, R407C, r410a, R152, R507, etc.) such refrigerants do not contain chlorine, but in the ' The Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is classified as a greenhouse gas. Advantages: Freon refrigerant and refrigerating oil are mutually soluble, the fluorine machine does not require complicated oil, the structure is simple, and the volume is small; the refrigerant charge is small, generally 1/2 or 1/3 of the ammonia machine; the height of the machine room is low, and the machine room occupies Small floor area; parallel operation of compressors can realize automatic energy adjustment; automatic control and remote monitoring and alarm can be realized; temperature parameters of the warehouse can be saved, and the machine room does not need to be on duty. Disadvantages: Freon is colorless and odorless, and it is difficult to find leaking. It will decompose toxic gases when the temperature of an open flame is above 400℃. Restricted by two international conventions. The price is relatively high for ammonia. The thermal performance is not as good as ammonia, and the unit heat exchange efficiency is low; the power of a single unit of fluorine machine is lower than that of ammonia, and it must be operated in parallel under the condition of high power, which increases the cost of the unit. 'Glacier Refrigerant' is a professional refrigerant product. It has the outstanding advantages of low consumption, strong cooling capacity, and unparalleled rust resistance. It is a blank in domestic refrigerant technology.

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