The use of refrigerants in large and medium-sized cold storage at home and abroad

　　【】According to the investigation of refrigerant usage in large and medium-sized cold storages at home and abroad, the current situation of refrigerants in large and medium-sized cold storages is analyzed. According to the latest international literature, new trends in the development of refrigerant applications in cold storage are reviewed. The results show that in large and medium-sized cold storages at home and abroad, ammonia refrigerant is currently the mainstream, and ammonia will still be the main refrigerant in the future. Above the evaporating temperature of -35℃, the ammonia refrigerant used in compression refrigeration is the most energy-efficient. The key problem with ammonia refrigerant is safety. In the development trend of refrigerants, the CO2 system has become the focus of the new generation of refrigerants, and the CO2/NH3 cascade refrigeration system has great development potential.　　In the indirect refrigeration system, the use of ammonia instead of ethylene glycol as the carrier refrigerant can significantly reduce the energy consumption of the system. Since the signing of the Montreal Protocol in 1987, through the efforts of countries all over the world, significant results have been achieved in the control and elimination of ozone-depleting substances. Developed countries have completed the phase-out of CFC and entered the phase of HCFC phase-out. The elimination of CFCs in developing countries, including my country, is also close to completion. Among the alternative refrigerants, HFCs that are more widely used include R134a, R404A, R507a, R407C, and r410a. These alternative refrigerants are called 'environmental working fluidsHowever, their global warming potential GWP is as high as 1300~3800, which is a greenhouse gas.

　　According to the 'Kyoto ProtocolTherefore, people are turning their attention to natural working fluids such as ammonia and carbon dioxide, which are harmless to the earth's ecosystem. Based on domestic and foreign reports, the application and new trends of cold storage refrigerants are analyzed and discussed. The selection of refrigerants is not only related to operation and maintenance, refrigeration performance, but also related to the energy consumption of refrigeration equipment operation. The author conducted a questionnaire survey on refrigerants used in public cold storage in the United States in 1999. Some cold storages under investigation have more than one system, a total of 67 systems of refrigerants. The statistics are also based on the IARW member directory of the International Association of Cold Storage. Among the American members of the IARW catalog in 1998, 352 cold storages listed their refrigerants, and the questionnaire survey is in good agreement with the IARW membership catalog statistics. About 87% of cold storage uses ammonia (R717), and only 13% uses halocarbon refrigerants. The halogenated carbon refrigerants used include R12, R22, R502, R507, R404A.

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