The development history of refrigerants

The history of refrigerant

1 generation of refrigerant in about 1830) Of 1930 and 100, for the development of the society, the people in the process of selection of artificial refrigeration, the refrigerant for the courage to explore. Can see, the refrigerant is some solvents and volatile medium. May both they are toxic, flammable, the refrigerant has the very strong corrosion resistance and instability, maybe not safe pressure too high, so often attack the issue in the application. During the first 50 years, all sorts of refrigeration skills are in exploration. Late steam tightening machine, air circulation chillers and absorption chillers and four kinds of cooling methods, such as water evaporative chiller can rule a century of refrigeration industry. Steam tight type refrigerating machine start using ether and methyl ether as refrigerant, ammonia, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide ( China 1966 is using SO2 machine 2 double ball refrigerator) And methyl chloride is used in the late, especially the use of ammonia, make that the refrigeration skill is agile, around 1900, the United States, Britain and Germany tightening machine can choose ammonia and CO2. Early in the 20th century, the centrifugal compressed using dichloroethylene refrigerants at the earliest. Early tightening machine by pre tightening air swell ( Open cycle) To carry on the ice. Choose reverse Stirling (late R。 斯特灵) Closed recycling, which is widely used in ships by 1900 refrigeration and ice.

the second generation of refrigerant 1931) During 1990 as the second generation of refrigerant, because of the rapid increase of artificial refrigeration need, urgently needs to be both safe and durability of the refrigerant. After the oil crisis have twice, efficient into refrigeration and air conditioning industry to the new requirement of the refrigerant. At this moment is presented with halogenated hydrocarbon ( CFCs,HCFCs) Give priority to the refrigerant. Beginning from 1931, R12, R11 and R22 with excellent thermodynamic functions such as refrigerants with brand-new appearance rule for refrigeration industry, about 60 years, they are safe, A1) ) ) Non-toxic, no combustibility) And efficient for HVACR industry has brought the gold in time.

the third generation of refrigerant ( 1990). 2010) Probably from the beginning of the late 1970 s, everyone noticed CFCs substances ( Contains refrigerant) In a large number of USES ozone in the stratosphere, but presents the ozone hole over the Antarctic. Therefore, trey, 6 and 5 Vienna treaty proposed protocol constraint and replace CFCs material deadline, in a short period of time as material can be used as a transition. From table 3 can see, the second generation of refrigerant to CFCs basic material, has a higher ODP values. Third-generation refrigerants to protect the ozone layer, therefore, selection of specifications. Halogenated hydrocarbon refrigerants, however, a lot of use for long, you still pay attention to this kind of material of fluoride ( The HFCs) 。

4th generation refrigerant ( 2010). ) Third-generation refrigerant cost reduced ozone layer successfully, but, in contrast to the trend of global warming are increasingly dire: / uniform global air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting snow and ice, the uniform global sea level rise image has obviously [ 1] 0. According to the UN climate change treaty structure ( 联合国气候变化框架公约》) 5 the Kyoto protocol 6 rules: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, HF2Cs, PFC and SF6 gas, such as 6 like to greenhouse gases, to the requirements of the proposed cuts in greenhouse gas emissions in the developed countries. Third-generation refrigerant HFCs ozeme depletion potential has a high global greenhouse effect, in some countries has the effects of these refrigerants in May apply for tax payment. This makes the 4th generation refrigerant fire. For the 4th generation of refrigerant candidate material status, their relative CFCs and thermodynamic function and safety of HCFCs/poor 0, can see that now in choose 4th generation refrigerants in the unprecedented action.

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