Performance comparison of refrigerant R290 and refrigerant R290

The refrigerant R290, or propane, is a natural hydrocarbon refrigerant that can be obtained directly from liquefied petroleum gas. Compared with Freon, a synthetic refrigerant, the natural working fluid R290 does not contain chlorine atoms in its molecules, so the ODP value is zero, which does not have a destructive effect on the ozone layer. In addition, compared with HFC substances that also have no destructive effect on the ozone layer, the GWP value of R290 is close to 0, which has no effect on the greenhouse effect. R290 is currently used in domestic water heaters and air conditioning systems in Germany.

At present, the refrigerant R22 is most used in my country's air-conditioning industry. The standard boiling point, freezing point, critical point and other basic physical properties of R290 and R22 are very close, and they have the basic conditions to replace R22. In the saturated liquid state, the density of R290 is lower than that of R22, so the perfusion volume of R290 under the same volume is smaller. Experiments show that the perfusion volume of R290 under the same system volume is about 43% of R22. In addition, since the latent heat of vaporization of R290 is about twice that of R22, the refrigerant circulation volume of the refrigeration system using R290 is smaller. R290 has good material compatibility, and is well compatible with copper, steel, cast iron, lubricants, etc.

However, the refrigerant R290 cannot be applied on a large scale because its flammability and explosiveness have not yet been effectively solved, which is the biggest obstacle to its popularization. In order to reduce potential safety hazards, the IEC standard restricts the maximum safe perfusion volume of R290 refrigerant: when the installation height is 2.2m in a room of 10 square meters, the perfusion volume must be less than 290g. After reducing the amount of filling, the leakage of refrigerant can be reduced to a certain extent, thereby improving the safety of the use of R290. Will the decrease in the amount of refrigerant filling bring about a decrease in the refrigeration capacity? In this regard, industry insiders said that the latent heat of vaporization of R290 is about twice that of R22, which means that the refrigeration capacity per unit mass of R290 is higher. And the current test has confirmed that the refrigeration effect of R22 can be achieved or exceeded by the structural transformation of the refrigeration system under the condition of reducing the amount of R290 refrigerant. Reducing leakage and improving leakage detection and response capabilities are important measures to improve the safety of R290. It is understood that the current air-conditioning sealing test standards of most manufacturers are very demanding, and the annual leakage of normal air-conditioning can be controlled below 5g without any danger. Nowadays, refrigerant leaks are mostly concentrated in the process of air conditioning installation, use, and maintenance. In these processes, there are many uncontrollable factors such as environment and use methods. Therefore, the safety control measures in these processes still need to be further studied and improved.

A number of demonstration pilot projects for the hydrocarbon refrigerant R290 have been launched in China. Air-conditioning manufacturers such as Haier and Gree are transforming the R290 air-conditioning production line, which will be applied in the next year or two. New air-conditioning products of R290 will emerge one after another. In the future, my country will further increase the intensity of demonstration pilots for the transformation of air-conditioning production lines using R290 refrigerant. With the continuous in-depth research on R290 application technology and the continuous accumulation of use experience, the environmentally friendly refrigerant R290 may have a broad market application prospect in the future.

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