Natural refrigerants of today and tomorrow

in the 39th bearer working group meeting (Montreal protocol, OEW39) During the technical and economic assessment team ( TEAP) Report points out that the natural refrigerant alternative to current and future.

the report summarizes the HFCs alternative to hvac refrigeration industry. The current global household refrigerator main use of hydrocarbon refrigerants ( HC) That by 2020, 75% of the new refrigerator will use R600a, use the HC - a few products Use HFC134a or HFO1234yf HFO mixture, the rest. And the use of HFO will is restricted due to its high cost and flammability.

the road ahead hard

for fisheries, has completed the transition to a low GWP value solutions, in some applications have been used for ammonia ( R717) And CO2 ( R744) As a refrigerant. Ammonia is mainly used for fishing, but the CO2 system especially across critical systems requires further study.

of course, for trucks and logistics industry, the natural refrigerant solution is still controversial. Recommend the use of flammable refrigerants and focus on CO2 or the use of nitrogen for low temperature freezing.

cars is also a very different competitive markets. For cars, CO2 is one of the alternatives, including HFOs, of course, since 2017, some high-end models have begun to use alternative refrigerants. But for electric vehicles, CO2 is still in the evaluation phase.

in air conditioning and heat pump market, natural refrigerant CO2 or HCs, HFC32 and HFOs competition is fierce. Many manufacturers chose the road of natural refrigerants. In India, the use of R290 HC refrigerants of fission air conditioner has been widely commercialized production, in many hot countries, the transformation of production lines in positive way.

in the hope of CO2 technology innovation

the report focused on commercial refrigeration industry, highlight using CO2 cascade and across the supermarket sector growth in the number of critical systems. Cross injector, adiabatic cooling system is critical, too cold, and further research and development of components and systems, such as parallel compression in order to reduce the energy consumption under the condition of high temperature.

pay special attention to small applications. Enter type refrigerator with condensing equipment are increasingly using R744 as refrigerant. Integrated system are more likely to HC R290 or R744 alternative r404a and as R22.

of course, also remind TEAP, safety standard is still large equipment using propane as the main barriers of refrigerants.

low filling amount of ammonia system is the development direction in the future?

industrial refrigeration needs low filling amount of ammonia system solutions, this is one of the important measures to achieve HFC reduction. Market report shows that in some countries, due to ignore the rules and standards, ammonia leakage accident happened. Therefore, training and low filling will can't be ignored. But, what is a low filling is not clearly defined, there are various ways at the same time, which leads to the confusion of the term.

in the near future, the university of Illinois Pega Hrnjak professor put forward his suggestion:

1) Low filling quantity: less than 2. 5公斤;

2) Very low filling quantity: less than 50 kg;

3) Low filling: less than 100 kg.

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