Magnets absorb heat and can be used as refrigerator refrigerants in the future

Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States have recently discovered an equation describing the transmission of electrons in thermoelectrics, which is used to describe the transmission of magnons. They found that if they are in a different magnetic field, the magnons may move from one end of the magnet to the other and be taken away. The heat produces a cooling effect. Scientists predict that magnets can be used as a refrigerant in refrigerators.　　　　 In ferromagnets, the local magnetic moment can rotate and arrange in different directions. At absolute zero, the magnetic moment arrangement makes the magnetic force z* generated by the magnet stronger; as the temperature rises, more magnetic moment spins become more asynchronous, and the magnetic force becomes weaker. The magnon is produced with this increase in temperature. The magnon is a kind of quasiparticle in the magnet, which is formed by the rotation of the magnetic moment, and is also called the spinon.　　　　 Magnetons are very similar to electrons. Electrons can carry charge and conduct heat at the same time, and can move under the action of electric field or temperature difference. This phenomenon is called thermoelectric effect. Scientists have been studying thermoelectric effects, such as thermoelectric generators that convert heat directly into electricity, or do not use any moving parts for cooling. Magnons can also move under the action of two forces: temperature difference and magnetic field. The researchers developed the Boltzmann transmission equation describing electron transmission in thermoelectrics, and obtained two new equations to describe the magnon transmission after derivation. They can use the new equation to predict the cooling effect of the magnon, similar to the thermoelectric cooling effect. When the magnon is in a different magnetic field, it will carry heat and move from one end of the magnet to the other. They built a model with ordinary magnetic insulators, collected data of this material from previous data and input it into the new model, and found that when there is a gentle magnetic field gradient, it can produce a smaller cooling effect; and at low temperatures, The cooling effect is more obvious.　　　　 You can draw heat from one side to the other. In essence, you can use a magnet as a cooler. A graduate student in the Department of Mechanical Engineering who participated in the research said that you can imagine a kind of wireless refrigeration, which can be cooled by applying a magnetic field to a magnet placed one or two meters away, or your laptop. According to their theory, this kind of magnetic refrigerator does not need any moving parts, unlike traditional refrigerators, which require a tube to pump liquid continuously to keep the temperature low.　　　　 MIT’s Department of Mechanical Engineering believes that the first application of the magnon refrigeration effect for z* may be those studies that require wireless refrigeration at extremely low temperatures. For now, possible applications are in low temperature areas, such as refrigeration for infrared detectors. But we still need to prove this theory through experiments and find better materials. We hope this will facilitate new experiments.

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