Four flammable and explosive refrigerants, be careful when purchasing and using them

The refrigerant, also known as the refrigeration working fluid, is the working medium of the refrigeration cycle. It uses the phase change of the refrigerant to transfer heat. The refrigerant absorbs heat when it vaporizes in the evaporator and releases heat when it condenses in the condenser. At present, there are more than 80 kinds of substances that can be used as refrigerants, and the more commonly used ones are ammonia, freons, water and a few hydrocarbons. The following four flammable and explosive refrigerants must be used and purchased carefully.

1. R32 refrigerant R32, also known as difluoromethane, carbon difluoride, is colorless , Odorless, safety level is A2. R32 is a Freon substitute with excellent thermodynamic properties. It has the characteristics of low boiling point, low vapor pressure and pressure, large refrigeration coefficient, zero ozone loss value, small greenhouse effect coefficient, combustible and explosive. The combustion limit in the air is 15%~31%, and it will burn and explode in case of an open flame. R32 has a low viscosity coefficient and a high thermal conductivity. Although R32 has many advantages, R32 is a flammable and explosive refrigerant. The installation and maintenance of air-conditioning is inherently dangerous. Now coupled with the uncertain factors of R32, safety issues have to be considered. The installation and welding of R32 refrigeration equipment must be vacuumed. 2. R290 refrigerant R290 (propane) is a new type of environmentally friendly refrigerant, mainly used in central air conditioners, heat pump air conditioners, household air conditioners and other small refrigeration equipment. As a hydrocarbon refrigerant, R290 has an ODP value of 0 and a GWP value of less than 20. Compared with common refrigerants, R290 has obvious environmental advantages, as shown below: R22 refrigerant destroys the ozone layer at 0.055, and the global warming coefficient is 1700; r404a The destruction of the ozone layer by refrigerant is 0, and the global warming coefficient is 4540; The destruction of the ozone layer by r410a refrigerant is 0, and the global warming coefficient is 2340; The destruction of the ozone layer by R134a refrigerant is 0, and the global warming coefficient is 1600; R290 refrigerant The destruction of the ozone layer is 0, and the global warming coefficient is 3.

In addition, R290 refrigerant has the characteristics of greater latent heat of evaporation, good fluidity, and energy saving. However, due to its flammable and explosive characteristics, the amount of infusion is limited, and the safety level is A3. Use R290 refrigerant to vacuum and prohibit open flames, because the mixture of air (oxygen) can form explosive mixtures, and there is a danger of burning and explosion when encountering heat sources and open flames.

3. R600a refrigerant R600a isobutane, a new type of hydrocarbon refrigerant with excellent performance, is derived from natural ingredients, does not damage the ozone layer, has no greenhouse effect, and is green Environmental protection. Its characteristics are large latent heat of evaporation and strong cooling capacity; good flow performance, low conveying pressure, low power consumption, and slow rise of load temperature. Compatible with various compressor lubricants. It is a colorless gas at normal temperature and a colorless and transparent liquid under its own pressure. R600a is mainly used to replace R12 refrigerant, and is now mostly used in household refrigerator equipment. The explosion limit volume of R600a refrigerant is 1.9% to 8.4%, and the safety level is A3. It can form an explosive mixture when mixed with air. It may burn and explode when exposed to heat sources and open flames. It reacts violently with oxidants. Its vapor is heavier than air. The lower part spreads to a considerable distance, and it will ignite when it encounters a fire source. 4. R717 (ammonia) refrigerant Finally, let's talk about R717 (ammonia) refrigerant. Ammonia is more dangerous than the above three refrigerants. It belongs to a toxic medium and has a second level of toxicity. When the volumetric concentration of ammonia vapor in the air reaches 0.5 to 0.6%, people can be poisoned by staying in it for half an hour. The nature of ammonia determines that the operation and maintenance of the ammonia system must be regulated, and the refrigerating personnel should pay attention to it. Previously, our Refrigeration Encyclopedia public account has issued a training manual on the use of ammonia refrigerant and precautions, and friends who are interested can read it. Ammonia is a medium-temperature refrigerant. Pure ammonia has no adverse effect on lubricating oil, but when there is moisture, it will reduce the lubricating effect of the refrigerating oil. Copper and copper alloys are not used for pipes and valves in the ammonia refrigeration system. The advantages of ammonia as a refrigerant are: easy availability, low price, moderate pressure, large unit refrigeration capacity, high heat release coefficient, almost insoluble in oil, low flow resistance, easy to find when leaking, does not destroy the ozone layer, and has no greenhouse effect. Its disadvantages are: pungent odor, toxic, combustible and explosive, and corrosive to copper and copper alloys. When the volume of ammonia vapor in the air reaches 0.5-0.6%, it can cause an explosion. Therefore, the concentration of ammonia in the air in the equipment room must not exceed 0.02 mg/L. Ammonia is a flammable gas at room temperature with an explosion limit of 16% to 25%, the most easily ignitable concentration is 17%, and the concentration when the maximum explosion pressure is generated is 22.5%.

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