Expert Tutorial: Air Conditioning Refrigerant Recovery Technology Takes the Environmental Protection Way

Air conditioning is short for air conditioning. A strictly defined air conditioner should contain three basic contents: (1) Adjust the temperature of the air; it can both increase and decrease the temperature. (2) Adjust the relative humidity of the air; it can both humidify and dehumidify. (3) Ensure that the indoor air is fresh and clean. In addition to large-scale centralized air handling systems, our common household air conditioners and car air conditioners are all incomplete air conditioners. Temperature adjustment is the main content of this type of air conditioner, which is mainly achieved by artificial refrigeration technology. The so-called artificial refrigeration is the process of using a certain device to consume a certain amount of energy to forcefully and indirectly transfer heat from a low-temperature object to a high-temperature object. According to different refrigeration principles, modern artificial refrigeration methods can be divided into phase change refrigeration, air expansion refrigeration, semiconductor refrigeration and adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration.

Material phase change refrigeration always occupies an important position in refrigeration technology in terms of its widespread use and cooling capacity. The phase of matter is the form of matter. There are three forms of matter: solid, liquid and gaseous. When a substance undergoes a phase change, it absorbs or releases heat; the substance changes from a gaseous state to a liquid state, which is called liquefaction, and the substance releases heat. Changing from a liquid state to a gas state is called gasification, and a substance absorbs heat. There are two ways of vaporization: evaporation and boiling. The molecules on the surface of the liquid leave the liquid surface due to thermal motion, which is called evaporation. The evaporation of the liquid can occur under any actual conditions. The phenomenon of vaporization of molecules on the surface and inside of a liquid at the same time is called boiling. In engineering technology, boiling is customarily called evaporation.

The vapor compression refrigeration cycle is to reduce the pressure and temperature of the liquid, then absorb heat to evaporate and cool, and then compress and cool the gas to liquefy into a liquid, and make it flow again and again.

In the cycle process, the substance used to realize energy conversion is called the working fluid, and the working fluid used in the refrigeration cycle is called the refrigerant.

The working principle of a simple vapor compression refrigeration cycle is shown below. It is composed of four main components: evaporator, compressor, condenser and throttle valve, which are connected by pipelines to form a completely closed working system. The refrigerant circulates in a certain direction in the system, and it repeats the conversion of energy and phase change.

The four main processes of the refrigerant in the cycle are as follows:

1. The low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant that undergoes decompression and cooling during the evaporation process absorbs a large amount of latent heat in the evaporator and evaporates to make the temperature in the cold room reduce.

2. In the compression process, the compressor sucks the vapor in the evaporator to decompress and evaporate the liquid refrigerant in the evaporator; at the same time, the compressor compresses the low-pressure and low-temperature vapor into high-temperature and high-pressure vapor and sends it to the condenser. Provide pressure conditions for the liquefaction of refrigerant vapor. The compressor is the power and heart of the refrigeration cycle. Once the compressor stops working, the entire refrigeration cycle stops running.

3. During the condensation process, the high-temperature and high-pressure vapor from the compressor releases heat in the condenser, is sequentially cooled, liquefied, and becomes a high-pressure normal temperature liquid, which is sent to the throttle valve.

4. Throttling process The throttle valve throttling and depressurizing the high-pressure room temperature liquid from the condenser, turning it into a low-temperature liquid refrigerant, and sending it to the evaporator for re-evaporation and refrigeration. Such continuous circulation can achieve the purpose of refrigeration.

There are many types of refrigerants. Among them, more than 10 refrigerants such as ammonia and freon are widely used in vapor compression refrigeration systems. According to international regulations, the letter codes of refrigerants are all represented by R, which is the first letter of the English name of refrigerant Refrigerant. According to the chemical composition of the refrigerant, it can be classified as follows:

1. Inorganic compound refrigerants such as water, ammonia, air, etc.

2. Halocarbon refrigerants are Freon refrigerants. There are many types of them, but they are all derivatives of methane, ethane, and propane. Fluorine, chlorine and bromine atoms are used to replace all or part of the hydrogen in hydrocarbon compounds. Derived from atoms.

3. The azeotropic solution refrigerant is a refrigerant made by mixing two or more refrigerants in a certain ratio.

4. Hydrocarbon refrigerants are hydrocarbon refrigerants, such as methane, ethane, propane, butane, ethylene, propylene, etc.

R12, R22, R134a, etc. commonly used in air conditioners are all halocarbon refrigerants, the ones digit indicates the number of atoms of fluorine (F), the tens digit indicates the number of atoms of hydrogen (H) plus 1, the hundreds The number means the number of carbon (C) atoms minus one. When there is only one carbon atom, the hundreds digit can be omitted. The molecular formula of R12 is CCL2F3. When it is discharged into the atmosphere and enters the stratosphere, under the action of the sun's ultraviolet rays, a chloride ion contained in it will destroy about 100,000 ozone molecules and severely destroy the ozone layer. Therefore, we must look for alternatives to R12. R134a is still a halocarbon compound, and its molecular formula is CH2FCF3, which is an asymmetric structure. The foot code a is used to show that it is different from the symmetrical structure of R134a. It does not contain chloride ions that damage the atmosphere, but its z* biggest defect is that it produces a serious greenhouse effect, and it cannot be compatible with the existing refrigerating oil, and the refrigerating oil matched with it will corrode the original R12 system R12 and R134a must not be mixed with the rubber parts (sealing ring and hose) in the machine.

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