Air conditioning refrigerant R22, R410a, R32, security performance of R290 is _

Currently widely used in household air conditioner and heat pump refrigerant R22, it belongs to the ozone-depleting substances as, according to the Montreal protocol, as 2030 will eliminate all manufacturing in China, the production and consumption. The R22 alternative refrigerants in general can be divided into three categories: the first kind of HFC refrigerants, such as R410a ( Has been widely used) R32 ( Potential refrigerant) ； The second type of HC hydrocarbon refrigerants, such as R290 ( Potential refrigerant) ； The third class as the natural working substance carbon dioxide CO2 - — Due to its high work pressure, is generally not used for household air conditioning. For the present household air conditioning refrigerant R22, R410a, R32, R290 security, including toxicity and flammability. The national standard 'classification of refrigerants number method and safety of GB/T 7778 - 2017 the toxicity of refrigerant will be divided into class A ( Low chronic toxicity) , class B ( High chronic toxicity) ； The flammability is divided into class (1 No flame propagation) , 2 l class ( Weak yet) , 2 class ( However,) , class 3 ( Combustible and explosive) 。 According to GB/T 778 - 2017, refrigerant security is subdivided into eight categories, respectively: A1, A2L, A2, A3, B1, B2L, B2, B3, where A1 is the most safe, the most dangerous B3. R22: will be eliminated refrigerant R22 chemical composition of chlorine methylene fluoride ( CHClF2） , no combustion, no explosion, toxicity is small, safe level belongs to the A1. R22 ozone-depleting QianZhi ODP> 0, so should not be use for a long time, our country to 2030 will be fully eliminated. By R32 and R410a: the R22 alternative refrigerants R410a R125 according to the mass fraction of 50% each, including R32, Methylene fluoride CH2F2 A2L) R125 ( Five CF3CHF2 fluorine ethane, A1) , the security level of R410a for A1, also belong to combustion, explosion and toxicity of a small working medium. Compared with R22, R410a belongs to the high pressure refrigerant, the equipment and system demand a higher crushing strength, but is helpful to reduce compressor capacity, reduce the heat exchange tubes diameter, saving raw materials; Heat transfer and flow characteristics of R410a is better than that of R22, to improve the operation of the air conditioning efficiency, energy saving effect is obvious, has been widely used. R410a ODP = 0, ozone-depleting; Global warming but R410a QianZhi GWP = 1730 ( For comparison, GWP CO2 = 1) , the promoting effect of global warming is bigger, so the R410A is not the ultimate environmental protection refrigerants solution. R32: the chemical composition of future refrigerant competitors R32 for methylene fluoride CH2F2, toxicity is small, micro combustion, security level for A2L. R32 exist the possibility of explosion, the explosion limit of 14. 4% ~ 29. 3%, in home air conditioning applications need to solve the problem of low flammability. R32 cooling performance with R410a close, under the condition of same refrigerating capacity, R32 filling amount to less than R410a ( About 30% less) , but the exhaust temperature is higher than R410a. R32 ODP = 0, GWP = 675, belongs to the green environmental protection refrigerants, is an important substitute for R22, currently in Europe and the United States, Japan and other countries of household air conditioning has a large number of applications. The chemical composition of R290: future refrigerants R290 competitors for propane ( CH3CH2CH3） , toxicity is small, flammability, security level for A3. The R290 explosion limit is 2. 1% ~ 10. 0%, the shot point is much lower than R32. R290 ODP = 0, GWP = 20 on the promoting effect of global warming are very small, and it belongs to the natural organic matter, can be directly obtained from the liquefied petroleum gas, low prices. R290 thermal performance is good, gasification of latent heat, system less liquid, under the same conditions than R22 low exhaust temperature 20 ℃, is conducive to extend the service life of the compressor. Since this year R290 gradually come into view, the domestic companies have established R290 air-conditioning production line, the state environmental protection department also spare no effort to promote the marketization of R290 products. At present, the domestic support of R290 than R32. R290 popularization and application of the biggest obstacles to flammability, in use process need to increase security measures to ensure that the filling quantity control in the related laws and regulations within the specified value of ( Standard IEC60335 - 2 - 24:2007) — — The R290 in & lt; 1. 5 p household air conditioner used in safety control; In addition, should also reduce the leakage, improve the leak detection and response capacity.

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