Air conditioning refrigerant development course

1, the development of air conditioning refrigerant

cooling technology is actually the history of the history of the development process of the air conditioning refrigerant. Earlier people used to store natural ice, water evaporation effect and some other methods to refrigeration, in the 1830 s, Perkins, after the invention of vapor compression refrigeration cycle of human in the refrigeration technology development, and the invention of air conditioning refrigerant, update and replace throughout the entire process from beginning to end. According to the requirements of the new period development at present, air conditioning refrigerant will face new challenges. At present, the development of the people will air conditioning refrigerant is divided into four stages, each stage of the characteristics shown in the table below, the following a brief in each development period.

the first generation of air conditioning refrigerant

at about 1830 - In 1930 and 100, as a result of the development of the society, people in the process of using artificial refrigeration, air conditioning refrigerant for the bold exploration. Can be seen from table 2, the air conditioning refrigerant is some solvents and volatile medium. They are toxic, flammable, or both, individual air conditioning refrigerant and strong corrosive and instability, not safe or pressure is too high, so often when using an accident.

in the phase of the first 50 years, all kinds of refrigeration technology in exploration. Late vapor compression machine, air circulation chillers and absorption chillers and water evaporation refrigerating machine, etc. 4 kinds of refrigeration refrigeration industry dominated nearly a century.

vapor compression machine initially with ether and methyl ether as air conditioning refrigerant, ammonia, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide ( Our country also use SO2 machine 1966 pair of refrigerating machine) And methyl chloride have been applied in the later, especially the application of ammonia, the refrigeration technology has been rapid growth, at around 1900, the United States, Britain and Germany compressor using ammonia and almost all our fleet. In the early 20th century, centrifugal compressor using first dichloroethylene air conditioning refrigerant.

air compression machine early by compressed air inflation ( Open cycle) To carry on the ice. The late using inverse (sterling R。 斯特灵) Closed regeneration cycle, they are widely used in the 1900 years ago Marine refrigeration and ice.

a aqueous ammonia absorption refrigerating machine used for ice-making, intermittent operation of the main minicomputer and mainframe of continuous operation. The mainframe is mainly used in ice and beer industry.

water evaporative chiller mainly adopts sulphuric acid to absorb water vapor ice and vacuum evaporation ice water. But the real application began using steam injection machine in 1908, is mainly used in chemical industry and beer industry, and configure with cooling munitions cabin on the ship.

the second generation of air conditioning refrigerant

1931 - In 1990 for the second generation of the development of air conditioning refrigerant, because people of surging demand for artificial refrigeration, urgently needs to be both safe and durability of the air conditioning refrigerants. After the two oil crises, efficient become for the new requirements of air conditioning refrigerant refrigeration and air conditioning industry. Then came the halogenated hydrocarbon ( CFCs，HCFCs) Air conditioning refrigerant. Since 1931, R12, R11 and R22 with excellent thermal performance of air conditioning refrigerant to new look dominated the refrigeration industry, about 60 years ( See table 3) , they are safe, A1 group - — Non-toxic, no combustibility) And efficient for HVACR industry brought a golden development period.

R12 are widely used in household refrigerator, freezer, display cabinets, and other areas of the low temperature, it replaced the original use of SO2, formic acid and ammonia absorption monohydrate refrigerator, make refrigerator entered innumberable families. At the same time, the R12 is the only medium car air conditioning. In addition, R22 household air conditioner, large cold/heat pump units is the preferred air conditioning refrigerant. The R11 is the most popular medium large centrifugal ling water unit. 1 in the generation of air conditioning refrigerant ammonia, due to its excellent thermal performance and low price, in the industrial refrigeration, food, refrigeration, beverage processing, and other fields has a broad market, but the toxicity of ammonia and make its application is limited by the pungent smell. Europe and the United States and other countries and regions in the 1970 s in the ship's refrigerated and city before cold storage and so on almost all adopt the refrigerant R22 air conditioning, a shrinking share of ammonia. During this period, the developing lithium bromide aqueous absorption chiller, ammonia low-temperature absorption monohydrate in waste heat applications is only a small amount of use, fewer and fewer Numbers.

the third generation of air conditioning refrigerant ( 1990 - 2010)

about since the late 1970 s, people notice the CFCs substances ( Including air conditioning refrigerant) In a large number of consumption of ozone in the stratosphere, and cause a ozone hole over Antarctica. As a result, the Montreal protocol and put forward the limitation and the Vienna convention to replace CFCs material deadline, in a short period of time as material can be used as a transition. Can be seen from table 3, the second generation of air conditioning refrigerant is basically CFCs substances, have higher ODP values. Therefore, the 3rd generation of air conditioning refrigerant in order to protect the ozone layer selection criteria for ( See table 4) 。 Halogenated hydrocarbon, however, air conditioning refrigerant used a large amount for a long time, people will still pay attention to this kind of material of fluoride ( The HFCs) 。

Collectively, the effect of air conditioner capacitor on industrial society has been to eliminate start capacitor suppliers and drastically reduce the time long associated with start capacitor suppliers.

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