What are the commonly used refrigerants? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

There are nearly a hundred kinds of refrigerants currently in use, and they are constantly developing and increasing. But there are only more than ten kinds used in the food industry and air conditioning refrigeration. The following editor of Xianji.com will answer you what are the commonly used refrigerants? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

NH3 (code: R717), ammonia is currently the most widely used medium pressure and medium temperature refrigerant. The solidification temperature of ammonia is -77.7°C, the standard evaporation temperature is -33.3°C, and the condensation pressure at room temperature is generally 1.1-1.3MPa, even when the summer cooling water temperature is as high as 30°C, it does not exceed 1.5MPa.

The advantages are: easy to obtain, low price, moderate pressure, large unit refrigeration capacity, high heat release coefficient, almost insoluble in oil, low flow resistance, easy to find when leaking .

The shortcomings are: irritating odor, toxic, combustible and explosive, and corrosive to copper and copper alloys.

CHClF2 (code: R22), R22 is also a halogenated substance of alkane, the scientific name is difluorochloromethane, the standard evaporation temperature is about -41℃, and the freezing temperature is about- -160℃, the condensation pressure is similar to ammonia.

R22 has the widest application range, and its main purpose: used in reciprocating compressors, used in household air conditioners, central air conditioners, mobile air conditioners, heat pump water heaters, dehumidifiers, refrigeration drying Refrigeration equipment such as refrigerators, cold storage, food refrigeration equipment, marine refrigeration equipment, industrial refrigeration, commercial refrigeration, refrigeration condensing units, supermarket display cabinets, etc.

CH2FCF3 (code: R134a), R134a is used as an alternative refrigerant to R12. R134a has very low toxicity and is non-flammable in the air. The safety category is A1. The chemical stability of R134a is very good. However, because its water solubility is higher than that of R22, it is not good for the refrigeration system. Even if there is a small amount of water, it will produce acid, carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide under the action of lubricating oil. Corrosion or 'copper plating' is produced, so R134a requires higher drying and cleaning of the system.

R404a refrigerant, R404A is a non-chlorine-free non-azeotropic mixture refrigerant. It is a colorless gas under normal temperature and pressure. It is compressed when stored in a cylinder. Liquefied gas. Its ODP is 0, so R404A is an environmentally friendly refrigerant that does not destroy the ozone layer of the atmosphere.

Main use: R404A is mainly used to replace R22 and R502. It has the characteristics of cleanliness, low toxicity, non-combustibility, and good cooling effect. It is widely used in medium and low temperature refrigeration systems.

R-410a refrigerant, R410A is a non-chlorine-free fluoroalkane non-azeotropic mixture refrigerant at room temperature and pressure, and it is compressed when stored in a cylinder Of liquefied gas. Its ODP is 0, so R410A is an environmentally friendly refrigerant that does not destroy the ozone layer of the atmosphere.

Main use: R410A is mainly used to replace R22 and R502. It has the characteristics of cleanliness, low toxicity, non-combustibility, and good cooling effect. It is widely used in household air conditioners, small commercial air conditioners, Residential central air-conditioning, etc.

R407C, R407C is a kind of non-chlorinated fluoroalkane non-azeotropic mixture refrigerant, colorless gas, stored in the cylinder is a compressed liquefied gas. Its ODP is 0, so R407C is an environmentally friendly refrigerant that does not destroy the ozone layer of the atmosphere.

r600a (isobutane), R600a is a new type of hydrocarbon refrigerant with excellent performance, derived from natural ingredients, does not damage the ozone layer, has no greenhouse effect, and is environmentally friendly. It is characterized by large latent heat of evaporation and strong cooling capacity; good flow performance, low conveying pressure, low power consumption, and slow load temperature recovery. Compatible with various compressor lubricants.

The disadvantage is: flammable gas. Mixing with air can form an explosive mixture, and it may burn and explode when exposed to heat sources and open flames. It reacts violently on contact with oxidants. Its vapor is heavier than air and can spread to a relatively far place at a lower level, and will ignite when it encounters a fire source.

r32 (difluoromethane), r32 is mainly used as a substitute for HCFC-22 and used as a mixed medium and low temperature refrigerant. Although it has zero ozone depletion potential, it has high global warming potential, and its potential is 550 times that of carbon dioxide on a 100-year basis.

The disadvantage is: r32 (difluoromethane) is a flammable gas, the combustion limit in the air is 14%-31% (volume ratio), HFC at room temperature -32 has a stable structure and is not easy to decompose, but it decomposes into HF and carbonyl fluoride when exposed to open flames and high temperatures. (The news that R32 causes explosions and fires is not uncommon. Refrigeration Encyclopedia Tips: Use R32 must be vacuumed!)

R290 (propane), R290 or propane is a new type of environmentally friendly refrigerant , Mainly used in central air conditioners, heat pump air conditioners, household air conditioners and other small refrigeration equipment. The perfusion volume of R290 under the same volume is small, and the test proves that the perfusion volume of R290 under the same system volume is about 43% of R22. Since the latent heat of vaporization of R290 is about twice that of R22, the refrigerant circulation volume of the refrigeration system using R290 is smaller. R290 has good material compatibility, and is well compatible with copper, steel, cast iron, lubricants, etc.

The disadvantage is: the refrigerant R290 is propane, which is flammable and explosive.

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