What are the commonly used refrigerants in refrigeration equipment?
Commonly used refrigerants are: ammonia, freon-12, freon-22, R-134a, R-404A refrigerant, R-410A refrigerant, azeotropic refrigerant and hydrocarbon refrigerant eight kinds. The following refrigeration is specifically introduced for everyone.
1. Ammonia Ammonia is currently the most widely used medium pressure and medium temperature refrigerant. The solidification temperature of ammonia is -77.7°C, and the standard evaporation temperature is -33.3°C. The advantages of ammonia as a refrigerant are: easy availability, low price, moderate pressure, large unit refrigeration capacity, high heat release coefficient and small flow resistance. The disadvantage is that it has an irritating smell, is toxic, can burn and explode, and has a corrosive effect on copper and copper alloys.
2. Freon-12 R12 is a halogenated alkane, the scientific name is difluorodichloromethane, and the molecular formula is CF2Cl2. It is a medium-pressure and medium-temperature refrigerant widely used in small and medium-sized refrigeration devices in my country. The standard evaporating temperature of R12 is -29.8℃, the condensing pressure is generally 0.78～0.98MPa, the freezing temperature is -155℃, and the standard cooling capacity per unit volume is about 288kcal/m3. There is no oil separator in the small Freon refrigeration device, but a dryer. At the same time, it is stipulated that the water content in R12 shall not be greater than 0.0025%, and general natural rubber cannot be used as a sealing gasket in the system, but synthetic rubber such as nitrile rubber or chlorohydrin should be used. Otherwise, the expansion of the gasket will cause refrigerant leakage.
3. Freon-22 R22 is also a halogenated substance of alkanes, the scientific name is difluoromonochloromethane, the molecular formula is CHClF2, the standard evaporation temperature is about -41℃, the freezing temperature is about -160℃, and the condensation pressure is the same Similar to ammonia, the standard cooling capacity per unit volume is about 454kcal/m3. R22 has many properties similar to R12, but its chemical stability is not as good as R12, and its toxicity is slightly greater than R12. However, the refrigeration capacity per unit volume of R22 is much larger than that of R12, which is close to ammonia. When a low temperature of -40 to -70°C is required, R22 is more suitable than R12, so at the time of publication, R22 is widely used in two-stage compression or air conditioning refrigeration systems at -40 to -60°C.
4. R-134 has a boiling point of -26.26°C, a freezing point of -96.6°C, and a critical temperature of 101.1°C. R134a has very low toxicity and is non-flammable in the air. The safety category is A1, which is a very safe refrigerant. R134a requires higher drying and cleaning of the system. R134a has no chemical reaction with steel, iron, copper, aluminum and other metals, and only has a slight effect on zinc. R134a is one of the main refrigeration fluids recognized internationally at the time of publication. It is often used in car air conditioners, commercial and industrial refrigeration systems, and as a foaming agent in the production of hard plastic insulation materials. It can also be used for configuration Other mixed refrigerants, such as R 404a and R 407c.
5. R-404A refrigerant physical and chemical properties: R404A is a non-azeotropic refrigerant without chlorine. It is a colorless gas at room temperature and pressure. It is compressed and liquefied when stored in a cylinder. Gas does not destroy the ozone layer of the atmosphere.
However, with the increased prevalence of refrigerant gas, it has become far more affordable.
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